日本に漫画文化を根付かせることに大きな役割を果たした貸本屋。
戦後の貸本屋は、神戸の「ろまん文庫」(開業は1948(昭和23)年)が起源と言われています。
最盛期に全国で3万店舗あった貸本屋。
一大チェーンは「ネオ書房」で、1950(昭和25)年頃から関西を中心に店舗を広げ、東京には1953(昭和28)年に進出。
200店舗を誇ったといいます。
ネオ書房の隆盛は、本を貸すのに保証金をお客から取っていたのを、会員制の信用貸にしたことにあります。

また、漫画の発展も時を同じくしました。
「劇画」の原点となった短編誌「影」は、1956年(昭和31年)5月に大阪の出版社・八興(日の丸文庫)により創刊されました。
テレビの普及が貸本屋にダメージを与えます。
1959(昭和34)年4月10日に、世紀のパレードといわれた陛下と美智子様の「結婚の儀」。
1964(昭和39)年10月には東京オリンピックが、テレビの購入を後押しする大きなイベントでした。
大手出版社による少年週刊誌の創刊も、貸本に与えた影響は大きかったです。
小学館の「週刊少年サンデー」と、講談社の「週刊少年マガジン」が1959年(昭和34)3月17日に創刊しました。
この2冊は一気に部数を伸ばし、「マガジン」は1966(昭和41)年に100万部を突破しました。
「廃墟の残響 戦後漫画の原像」(NTT出版、桜井哲夫)によると、貸本漫画の月間の発行点数が最も多かった時は260点でしたが、1961(昭和36)年1月には138点に減っていました。
2020年の現在、紙の漫画の月間発行点数は1,000点を超えています。
貸本漫画の最盛期の260冊と比較すると4倍近いですが、1980年代は月間160~350点程でした。
「キン肉マン」が「週刊少年ジャンプ」で連載が始まったのが1979(昭和54)年、「ドラゴンボール」は1984(昭和59)年です。
「タッチ」も「幽遊白書」も「聖闘士星矢」も1980年代にスタートしています。
貸本漫画は「ジャンプ」も「マガジン」もない時代に、子どもが漫画に夢中になったこれらの作品の単行本が出ていた時と肩を並べるぐらい、発行されていたのです。
貸本漫画の発行点数が多い理由を、劇画の松本正彦さんと辰巳ヨシヒロさん対談で語っています。
松本「作家による発行部数の違いって、あのころほとんどないんです。売れる人と売れない人の差がそれほどないから、極端に言えば技術を持っていなくても、そこそこのレベルの作品なら出版できるということですね。だから新人も比較的楽に出てこれたんです。雑誌なんかだと人数が限られてますから。貸本はそうじゃなかった。」
辰巳「まあ貸本屋の数が決まってるし」
松本「そこから、店に出る数も大体決まってくるからね。」(参考:「アックスvol.61」青林工藝舎)
「影」を発行した日の丸文庫の廃業は1967(昭和42)年です。
令和の今、紙の漫画の売上を、電子書籍が上回っています。
小学館・集英社・講談社といった最大手3社を凌駕する、コンテンツプレイヤーが現れるかもしれません。
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